TRANSFORMING INDIAN AGRICULTURE THROUGH SMART FARMING TECHNOLOGIES: AN EXTENSIVE ANALYSIS OF ROBOTICS, AI, AND IOT APPLICATIONS
Authors: Srinivas D., Venkateshwarlu M., Rajya Laxmi K. and Ugandhar T.
Srinivas D.: Department of Botany, Telangana University, Nizamabad, India.
Venkateshwarlu M.: Department of Botany, University College Kakatiya University, Warangal, India.
Rajya Laxmi K.: Department of Botany, Singareni Collieries Women’s Degree & PG College, Kothagudem, India.
Ugandhar T.: Department of Botany, Kakatiya Govt College (A) Hanumakonda, India.
ABSTRACT
Indian agriculture is facing several challenges, such as climate change, irregular weather patterns, soil degradation, shortage of farm labour, and declining interest of youth in farming. To overcome these problems, smart farming technologies have emerged as an effective solution. This review paper discusses the role of modern technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics, drones, sensors, Internet of Things (IoT), and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in transforming traditional agriculture into technology-driven farming in India.
Smart farming systems help farmers in selecting suitable crops, monitoring weather conditions, managing water resources, detecting pests and diseases at early stages, and maintaining optimal temperature and humidity for better crop growth. Automated weather stations, soil and climate sensors, robotic surveillance, and drone-based monitoring provide real-time data, which supports timely decision-making and reduces crop losses. Centralised data management platforms and decision-support systems also improve farm planning, productivity, and sustainability. The review highlights the importance of training farmers, students, and researchers in advanced agricultural technologies and emphasises the role of agricultural universities and research centres in promoting digital agriculture. Smart farming initiatives also create opportunities to attract young people to agriculture by reducing physical labour and increasing efficiency. Overall, smart farming technologies provide a sustainable approach to enhancing Indian agriculture, ensuring food security, and supporting future generations of farmers.
Keywords: Smart farming; Digital agriculture; Artificial intelligence in agriculture; Internet of Things (IoT); Robotics; Drones; Sensors; Precision farming; Sustainable agriculture; Indian agriculture.